Summarize the five steps of the scientific method.
What will be an ideal response?
Step 1 involves observing a phenomenon and thinking about theories that can explain these observations. Step 2 involves formulating an educated guess or hypothesis. A hypothesis is derived from a theory, and offers a prediction that can be tested. Step 3 requires that the researchers provide operational definitions of the variable they are studying. The researchers then begin the process of empirical research by collecting and analyzing data. In step 4 researchers draw conclusions from their results. It is important that research is replicated using different investigators and different methods. Replicable research results strengthen the validity and reliability of the scientists' conclusions. Finally, in step 5 of the scientific method, researchers submit their work for publication and it undergoes rigorous review. The research community is constantly evaluating and questioning conclusions in that after step 5, researchers begin the scientific method over again as they seek to revise their theory, methods, and so on.
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Campbell proposed that women are more likely than men to use relational aggression because women
a. lack direct access to wealth. b. have lower levels of testosterone. c. place more of a value on their own lives and therefore avoid risky behaviors. d. do not want to risk physically harming the father of their offspring.
Before the late 1800s, childbirth usually took place __________
A) at home and was a family-centered event B) at home, but away from other family members C) in a hospital with trained midwives D) in the home of a medical professional or in a hospital
According to the article Yoking Smoking about operant conditioning, B.F. Skinner was a prominent
(a) psychotherapist (b) behaviorist (c) cognitive theorist (d) tobacco company executive
What is an effective way to reduce prejudice?
a. ask children to play different roles that involve being discriminated against. b. decrease the amount of contact people have with members of different groups. c. stress the ways in which people in one group are different from people in other groups. d. be more like young children in terms of the amount of prejudice towards others.