Which of the following are true of early inspiratory crackles?
1. They most often occur in COPD patients.
2. They generally indicate severe airway obstruction.
3. They are affected by coughing or positional change.
4. They are usually scant (few in number).
a. 2 and 4 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 2, and 4 only
ANS: D
Early inspiratory crackles are usually scanty but may be loud or faint. They often are transmitted to the mouth and are not silenced by a cough or a change in position. They most often occur in patients with COPD, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma, and usually indicate a severe airway obstruction.
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