An experienced labor and delivery nurse is orienting nurses new to labor and delivery. Which of the following does the experienced nurse teach about fetal circulation?
A) Oxygenated blood is carried to the fetus via the umbilical artery.
B) Oxygenated blood enters the right atrium.
C) Most of the blood in the right atrium crosses the foramen ovale into the left atrium.
D) Blood entering the right ventricle is pumped to the lungs.
C) Most of the blood in the right atrium crosses the foramen ovale into the left atrium.
Explanation: A) In the fetus, oxygenated blood enters through the umbilical vein and travels to the heart via the ductus venosus bypassing the liver.
B) Oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein combines with deoxygenated blood in the inferior vena cava, mixes with deoxygenated blood in the superior vena cava, and then empties into the right atrium.
C) Blood in the right atrium shunts through the foramen ovale from the right atrium to the left atrium as a result of the high right atrial pressures and the lower left atrial pressures.
D) Some blood does travel from the right atrium to the right ventricle via the pulmonary trunk; however, this blood is shunted across the ductus arteriosus to the aorta as a result of the very high pulmonary pressures.
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