Which of the following is a valid critique of labeling theory?

a. It fails to address violent criminal activity.
b. It unquestioningly accepts official definitions of criminality.
c. It adopts a consensus view of deviance.
d. Itspays inadequate attention to the causes of the initial deviant act.


d. Itspays inadequate attention to the causes of the initial deviant act.

Criminal Justice

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Each of the following are true EXCEPT?

a. The negotiator should downplay crimes already committed by the hostage-taker b. The negotiator should keep the focus on the hostage-taker and not the hostages c. The negotiator should refer to the hostage-taker by his/her name d. The negotiator should be forceful in demanding the hostages' release

Criminal Justice

Under the common law, the collection of three or more persons with the purpose to engage in an unlawful act was known as:

a. disorderly conduct b. riot c. unlawful assembly d. gang

Criminal Justice

Behaviors considered illegal because they run counter to existing moral standards are known as ___________ crimes

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

The _________ is the finding of a jury or a judge on questions of fact at a trial

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice