The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about the illness. The nurse knows the teaching has been effective when the patient identifies which statements as being true of pancreatic cells?
Select all that apply.
1. Alpha cells produce glucagon.
2. Beta cells secrete insulin.
3. Cephalon cells produce creatine.
4. Delta cells produce somatostatin.
5. Epsilon cells produce erythropoietin.
Correct Answer: 1, 2, 4
Alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon, which stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver, the formation of carbohydrates in the liver, and the breakdown of lipids in both the liver and adipose tissue. Beta cells secrete the hormone insulin, which facilitates the movement of glucose across cell membranes into cells, decreasing blood glucose levels. Insulin prevents the excessive breakdown of glycogen in the liver and in muscle, facilitates lipid formation while inhibiting the breakdown of stored fats, and helps move amino acids into cells for protein synthesis. Delta cells produce somatostatin, which acts within the islets of Langerhans to inhibit the production of both glucagon and insulin. It also slows gastrointestinal motility, allowing more time for food to be absorbed. Cephalon cells are not pancreatic cells. Epsilon cells are not pancreatic cells.
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