Explain N.W. Zackie's examination of A Call to Global Islamic Resistance
What will be an ideal response?
N. W. Zackie (2013), in a scholarly examination of A Call to Global Islamic Resistance, finds that two concepts dominate al Suri's military thinking—individual action and location. Individuals and small groups must remain isolated and secretive. Geographically, jihadists should operate in areas of the world that can sustain terrorism and guerrilla war. The work begins with a long polemical history of the Islamic world. The next section starts by analyzing the reasons the West was not crippled after 9/11 and ends with a strategy for victory. Essentially, this strategy is leaderless resistance. It covers tactics and suggests areas of the world where jihadists can be successful.
Although the first part seems to be designed as a religious text, Zackie concludes that it is more of a manifesto. The second part shows that al Suri is a strategic thinker. Zackie argues that the work can be seen as a military manual, but it does more than this? it can be used to uncover the Salafi worldview. Zackie says the first section is designed to expose and convert people to militancy, get them to accept it, and then inspire them to take action. It is an exhaustive political, social, and legal treatise explaining the current plight of the Islamic world. The argument is logical within the militant puritanical strain
of Islam, and it reflects common themes in religious terrorism. The oppressed have been victimized by the powerful, here is the evidence to prove it, this is the critical tipping point in cosmic history, it is time to strike, and the supreme deity is relying on the reader to take action. The second part contains a plan of action. Al Suri (2005) equates the struggle against the United States and its allies with "light gang warfare.". It involves urban terrorism and covert attacks, especially solo actions from wholly separate resistance cells. Jihad should take place on many fronts in all parts of the world. He states that large populated areas where movement is difficult to trace are ideal for resistance, and rugged mountainous areas provide places for concealment. Soft targets create terror, and killing anybody is justified because all non-Muslims and "heretics" are the enemy. Al Suri acknowledges that this may sound like part of the long tradition of revolutionary writings, but he concludes that Jihadi Salafists will adopt revolutionary literature and utilize its tactics.
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Anything that in its manner of use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury is known as a ________ weapon
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Falsifiability is a requirement of a theory. 2. In strictly inductive research, the researcher already knows what she has found when she starts theorizing. 3. Theory is rarely used to devise research questions. 4. A researcher is studying how age impacts the likelihood of committing crime. In this study, age is a variable. 5. A researcher examined the negative life events in a sample of female inmates. In this study, sex is a constant. 6. Deductive reasoning is commonly used in quantitative research 7. Inductive research begins with specific data and then develops general ideas or theories to explain patterns in the data. 8. In a hypothesis, if one variable decreases and the other variables also decrease, the direction of association is negative. 9. In the literature review, the researcher should use direct quotes sparingly 10. Cross-population generalizability is when findings from one population hold true for other populations 11. Authenticity is not a standard attainable in qualitative research. 12. A study has causal validity when a conclusion reached in the study is applicable to the population at large. 13. When conducting a literature search, a researcher should rely on newspaper and magazine articles more than refereed scholarly journals. 14. Causal validity is needed to ensure that A leads to B. 15. A research study that was funded by a group with a stake in the outcome is considered to have as much scholarly objectivity as a study from an independent party
What is the difference between antiterrorism and counterterrorism?
a. Antiterrorism refers to the funds used to combat terrorism and counterterrorism describes the organizations that work to prevent and stop terrorism, whether it is currently taking place or will in the future. b. Antiterrorism is defined by actively pursuing and neutralizing terrorists and groups, counterterrorism is passive measures attempting to prevent it. c. Antiterrorism refers to feelings people have about terrorism (specifically those opposed to terrorism), and counterterrorism is defined by the people that are stopping it. d. Antiterrorism is defined by passive measures attempting to prevent terrorism, counterterrorism is actively pursuing and neutralizing terrorists and groups.
All of the following were mentioned as difficulties in using terrorism in the development of criminological theory EXCEPT:
a. It does not seem to fit well in conflict-oriented frameworks. b. It is politically determined and therefore politically defined. c. Motivation is not a government concern so that part of theory is left out. d. Terrorists may vary according to who officials object to at any given time.