How do the theories of the neo-Freudian psychoanalytic theorists differ from Freud's views? Identify two neo-Freudians and describe some of their major contributions to psychological theory.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

The neo-Freudians disagreed with Freud's emphasis on sex and aggression. They also believed that personality continues to develop after the end of childhood. Two of these neo-Freudians should be identified and described: Alfred Adler disagreed with Freud's emphasis on the unconscious. Adler believed that humans consciously strive toward growth and perfection. This drive originates from the inferiority and dependency people feel as children. Inferiority complexes may develop when an individual cannot overcome this feeling of powerlessness. Adler's theory is known as individual psychology. Carl Jung deemphasized sex and aggression and provided
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a positive interpretation of unconscious urges, suggesting that they represented spiritual life force. Jung posited a universal collective unconscious, a common set of ideas, images, and feelings that we have inherited from our ancestors. The collective unconscious is revealed in universal experiences and behaviors. The collective unconscious contains archetypes, universal symbols of broadly shared experiences. One example is the "mother." Karen Horney disagreed with Freud's emphasis on childhood personality, highlighting instead the parent-child relationship. Inadequate parenting can lead to basic anxiety, which people overcome by moving toward, away from, or against other people. Horney also disagreed with the Freudian notion of penis envy, suggesting instead that what women envy is the power and status that men enjoy.