Briefly describe the different ways in which emotions can improve or hinder judgments, decision-making, and performance. When and why are they helpful and when and why are they harmful?
What will be an ideal response?
a . People who lack emotions have great difficulty learning, as well as making judgments and decisions.
b. Emotions promote learning (helping people to learn from their mistakes)
c. Affect-as-information hypotheses: Emotions play an important role in guiding judgments and decision-making.
d. Risk-as-feelings hypothesis: Emotions play an important role in risk assessment, but may lead to biases. Strong conscious emotions can influence people to engage in risky behaviors and ignore future consequences.
e. Anticipated emotions seem to guide sound decision-making; current emotions seem to impair it.
f. Broaden-and-build hypothesis: Positive emotions in particular might put people in a more open, creative, and exploratory mindset, paving the way for intellectual and social growth.
g. Positive emotions in particular also tend to enhance task persistence, cognitive flexibility, and general task performance.
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When a child utters the word "mama," it may signify meanings as varied as "There goes Mama," "Come here, Mama," and "You are my Mama." Such single words used by children to express complex meanings are known as _____
A) prototypes B) anagrams C) holophrases D) heuristics
What was one reason the Educational Testing Service gave for the decline in SAT scores of graduating high school seniors during the 1960s and 1970s?
a. Increasing numbers of minority students taking the SAT b. Weaker academic records and increased diversity of student backgrounds c. Changing attitudes of parents leading to lack of confidence in education d. Student perceptions that scoring well on standardized tests was not "cool."
A large European study of children with ADHD involving more than 1,500 children between the ages of 6 to 18 found that __________.
A. a combination of medications and therapy was the most effective course of action B. no treatment for ADHD was the most effective course of action C. psychotherapy was the most effective course of action D. diverse medications constituted the most effective course of action
People who tend to value social conformity, oversimplify issues as totally right or totally wrong, and consider their own ethnic group and themselves superior to others are said to have what type of personality?
A. histrionic B. authoritarian C. Type A D. Type B