Describe why raw test scores are not useful, and describe three ways that raw scores can be transformed so that the scores carry more useful information.
What will be an ideal response?
Raw scores are not useful because they don't provide information about how easy or difficult the test was or how the student fared compared with other students. Test publishers usually provide a variety of standardized scores that carry information about the student's percentile rank. These include: percentile ranks (i.e., the percentage of students who had scores equal to or less than the one in question), stanine scores (i.e., a 9-point scale with each score associated with a percentile rank), grade-equivalent scores (i.e., the grade level at which a raw score is most typical), and standard scores (i.e., the number of standard deviations above or below the mean that a particular score lies-may be on a z-scale with an average of 0 and standard deviation of 1 or on a t-scale with an average of 50 and standard deviation of 10).
Pages: 521-522.
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