Distinguish between the prototype and exemplar approaches to concepts. Define and give an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
Student examples will vary. A sample answer follows. Scientists and philosophers want to find out how people envision concepts. The prototype approach is the idea that people represent a concept as an abstract average of representative features of the items in a category. For example, my concept of "dress" is "item of clothing that has a neckhole and armholes but no pant legs; may have sleeves."
In contrast, the exemplar approach states that people base a concept on similarities to retrieved memories of previously encountered category members. For example, if I see an item of clothing in the store, and it matches the items I have previously categorized as dresses but does not match the items I have previously categorized as jeans, shirts, socks, and so forth, then I can conclude that this item matches the concept "dress."
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In a study by Steele, African-American college students performed poorer on a task than European-American college students when they were told the task was a test of academic ability, while they performed the same as the European-American college students when they were told the task was a laboratory problem-solving task. The results of this study illustrate the concept of
a. symbolic prejudice. b. stereotype threat. c. group prejudice. d. dogmatism.
If Matt tells you, "I had pretty much the same problem with the exhaust system of my car. You need to go to the auto supply shop and buy an inexpensive patch kit for the exhaust pipe. This should hold up until you are ready to replace the exhaust pipe.". Matt's suggestion is an example of
a. subgoal analysis. c. analogy heuristic. b. algorithm. d. trial and error.
Explain the main factors associated with parents abusing their children
What will be an ideal response?
________ context communication relies on clear concrete and explicit language
a. High b. Low c. Moderate d. Personal