Describe congenital malformations and inborn errors of metabolism. Cite one example of an inborn error of metabolism and describe the best nutrition-related intervention.
What will be an ideal response?
Congenital abnormality is a structural, functional, or metabolic abnormality present at birth. It is also called congenital anomalies. Congenital abnormalities may be caused by environmental or genetic factors, or by a combination of the two. Structural abnormalities are generally referred to as congenital malformations, and metabolic abnormalities are referred to as inborn errors of metabolism. Phenylketonuria is an inherited error in phenylalanine metabolism most commonly caused by a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase, which converts the essential amino acid phenylalanine to the nonessential amino acid tyrosine. Phenylketonuria can be successfully managed by a low-phenylalanine diet. High phenylalanine protein foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and wheat are excluded from the diet.
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The kidney structure that is responsible for filtering the blood is the:
a. loop of Henle. b. proximal tubule. c. distal tubule. d. glomerulus.
__________is an empty calorie food that some people call liquid candy.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What is true about trace elements?
a. boron may be involved in vitamin C metabolism. b. the arsenic that occurs in foods is nontoxic c. nickel plays a role in calcium deposition in the bones d. silicon promotes muscle contraction and relaxation.
Central obesity is more common in men and is characterized by subcutaneous fat deposits in the hips and thighs
Indicate whether the statement is true or false