The health care system developed in four "phases" from 1800 to today. The first phase was characterized by
1. The rise in technology
2. Epidemics of infectious disease such as typhoid, influenza, and malaria
3. Physicians and nurses who attained their skills in scientifically-based programs
4. An expansion of hospital clinics and long-term care facilities
ANS: 2
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An 81-year-old woman has noted a gradual decrease in the moisture of her skin over many years. Which phenomena associated with the aging process are known to contribute to her xerosis?
Select all that apply. A) Separation of the basement membrane from adjacent dermal and epidermal layers B) Changing composition of sebaceous gland secretions C) Flattening of the dermal rete ridges D) Decreased moisture secretions from sweat glands E) Decrease in skin capillaries
The patient has chronic kidney disease and ate a lot of nuts, bananas, peanut butter, and chocolate. The patient is admitted with loss of deep tendon reflexes, somnolence, and altered respiratory status. What treatment should the nurse expect for this patient?
A. Renal dialysis B. IV potassium chloride C. IV furosemide (Lasix) D. IV normal saline at 250 mL per hour
A dying patient confides to the nursing assistant that she "just can't face another day." The best response would be,
A) "Cheer up; the sun is out today." B) "You said that yesterday, and you're still here." C) "Would you like to tell me about it?" D) "What would you like for breakfast?"
The nurse asks to meet with a healthcare provider and patient to discuss altering the patient's prescribed medication after the provider prescribes a placebo, which the nurse refuses to give. Which element of decision-making did the nurse implement?
1. Values clarification 2. Stakeholder identification 3. Moral hierarchy exploration 4. Integrity-preserving compromise