Explain the Taylor rule, including the formula for setting the federal funds rate target, and the components of the formula. If the Fed were to use this rule, how many goals would it use to set monetary policy?
What will be an ideal response?
The Taylor rule specifies that the target federal fund rates should be set to equal the equilibrium real federal funds rate, plus the rate of inflation (for the Fisher effect), plus one-half times the output gap, plus one-half times the inflation gap. The formula is
Federal funds rate target = equilibrium real federal funds rate + inflation rate + (output gap) + (inflation gap)
The output gap is the percentage deviation of real GDP from potential full-employment real GDP. The inflation gap is the difference between actual inflation and the central bank's target rate of inflation. The equilibrium real federal funds rate is the real rate consistent with full employment in the long run. The inflation rate is the actual rate of inflation. The Taylor rule sets the federal funds rate recognizing the goals of low inflation and full employment (or equilibrium long-run economic growth).
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For a product with external benefits that is produced in a competitive, unregulated market, how can the resulting market output be described?
A) underproduction compared to the efficient level B) overproduction compared to the efficient level C) production equals the efficient level D) Underproduction or overproduction are both possible depending on whether the external benefit is to consumption or production. E) None of the above is correct.
Between 1929 and 1982, according to Edward Denison, approximately
a. one-fourth of the growth in output was due to the increase in the quantity of labor. b. one-third of the growth in output came from an increase in the quantity of labor. c. forty-five percent of the growth in output was credited to an increase in the quantity of labor. d. ten percent of the growth in output was responsible for the increase in the quantity of labor.
If the price of salt increases and the quantity demanded does not change, then
A) the price elasticity of demand is equal to zero. B) demand is perfectly inelastic. C) the demand curve for salt is horizontal. D) Both answers A and B are correct.
When a firm sets a price relatively low in order to increase the market share, it is referred as
A) price skimming. B) limit pricing. C) penetration pricing. D) predatory pricing.