Explain the three ways in which infants coordinate their own attentional and emotional responses to objects and people with the responses of other people between 9 and 12 months (i.e., pointing and gesturing, joint attention, and social referencing). Provide examples to support your response.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Infants point to attract an adult's attention to an object or situation, and gesture to signal objects of desire or desired actions. For instance, an infant may point to a cup to signal that she wants a drink.
2. Infants and caregivers engage in joint attention in which they both pay attention to an object or event. When the infant points to the cup, the parent may also look at the cup.
3. Infants engage in social referencing, which means that they use the emotional expressions of adults to regulate their own emotion and behavior. When meeting a new person, the infant may look at the parent to see whether to react positively or negatively.
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