Which statement is not true about cognitive impairments in older adults?
a. Heart attack, applying restraints, and sudden loss can lead to delirium in elders.
b. Confusion is a normal and unavoidable consequence of aging for older adults.
c. A patient sitting quietly can have a lower cognitive status than an agitated and shouting patient.
d. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) should be administered on admis-sion to detect delirium.
B
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A Incorrect. This is a true statement. Each of these conditions, as well as many other stressors, can place an older person at risk for delirium.
B Correct. This statement is not true. Confusion or delirium is not a normal con-sequence of aging but an indicator of a potentially underlying problem.
C Incorrect. This is a true statement. The hypoactive subtype of delirium can be associated with a worse prognosis than the hyperactive subtype, because it is easily overlooked.
D Incorrect. This is a true statement. The MMSE or similar instrument should be administered to a patient on admission to ascertain the patient's baseline cogni-tive status.
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