Briefly describe the three fundamental requirements used when claiming causality.
What will be an ideal response?
Think in terms of two factors, A (cause) and B (effect) that you think are related:
A and B must change together, or you cannot claim that one causes change in another—this is called covariance.
A must come before B in time because causes must come before effects or they cannot be causes.
Other plausible or likely causes of B (say, C, D, E, and F) must be eliminated or accounted for as much as possible in order to isolate the true effect of A on B—this is called nonspuriousness.
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Define "media framing." How does media framing of poverty affect American attitudes about its cause?
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following is NOT a formal qualification for the presidency?
A) must be a "natural born Citizen" of the United States B) must be at least 35 years old C) must have lived in the United States for at least 14 years D) must have extensive prior political experience
The first case in which the U.S. Supreme Court found an act of Congress unconstitutional was Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Soft money is a campaign donation
a. in excess of one million dollars. b. of less than one million dollars. c. allowed for under the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002. d. not subject to federal campaign finance regulations. e. by a corporation.