Entry of pathogens into the respiratory system is inhibited by what protective mechanisms? Select all that apply. Standard Text: Select all that apply
1. Lymphoid tissue in the pharynx
2. Nasal filtration
3. Mucus production in the alveoli
4. Fluid in the parietal pleura
5. Saliva in the oral cavity
1,2
Rationale: Pathogens are inhibited from entering the respiratory system by the nose's ability to filter air and remove large particulate matter. The pharynx is lined with lymphoid tissue that contributes to preventing pathogens from entering the lower respiratory system. Mucus production occurs in the bronchi and trachea, not the alveoli, to trap pathogens before infection can result. Fluid in the parietal pleura does not contribute to infection control, but acts to prevent friction with movement of the chest wall during breathing. Saliva in the oral cavity contributes to pathogen destruction for the gastrointestinal system, not the respiratory system.
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