Some research has found that attaching an external reward to
a task can cause children to lose their intrinsic motivation to complete that task. Other research, however, has not consistently come up with the same findings. This is a problem for which principle of critical thinking?
A) Falsifiability
B) Replicability
C) Ruling out rival hypotheses
D) Correlation vs. causation
Answer: B
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An Italian study (Tassi et al., 2001) placed students in competition with one another. When the students were given the task of trying to outperform each other, competition led to ____ by peers
a. admiration b. social rejection c. aggressive behavior d. higher overall academic performance
Which of the following best illustrates the application of operant conditioning principles in health psychology?
a. A person with peptic ulcers undergoes relaxation training. b. A person with a fear of the dentist undergoes systematic desensitization. c. Family members of a chronic pain patient are instructed to ignore the patient's complaints and reinforce the patient's attempts to become more physically active. d. A person with hypertension is taught to imagine, during highly stressful times, a calming scenario that he/she has created with his/her health psychology professional.
A paradoxical characteristic of children with Williams syndrome is that they ____.
A. seem mentally disabled during childhood but develop into above average intelligence adults B. can write, but cannot read what they just finished writing C. show a better memory after a delay than they show immediately after an event has occurred D. have very large vocabularies, but cannot learn simple skills
Psychologists call the characteristics, emotions, and beliefs people have about themselves
A) self. B) self-regulation. C) conscience. D) perspective taking.