All of the following are threats to the internal validity of a study except
a. failure to randomly assign participants.
b. assigning participants based on gender.
c. varying only the independent variable.
d. randomly changing several aspects of the study in addition to the independent variable.
Answer: C
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Maureen thinks that her abilities are fluid and capable of changing and developing over time. She decides to try to learn to garden. Her first year of planting is a complete failure--nearly every plant dies. She only harvests a few tomatoes. Given what you know about Maureen, what can you predict about her interest in gardening?
a. She will try again the next year and plan to learn from her mistakes. b. She will probably experience learned helplessness and lose interest in gardening. c. She will probably be risk averse and not want to garden next year. d. She will probably plant only the tomatoes because those are what she had success with this year.
Forty-two-year-old Jon is experiencing a psychological challenge. He is grappling with the loss of his youth and feels "trapped," perceiving a lack of future options. Based on this discrimination, what is Jon most likely experiencing?
a. Menarche b. Erikson's concept of middle age isolation c. Generativity d. Male menopause e. Midlife crisis
The amount of time infants spend in joint attention with their caregivers predicts
a. their early language skills. b. their ability to discriminate phonemes from foreign languages. c. their acquisition of syntax. d. their rate of pragmatic errors.
The group of participants to be tested or included in an experiment is known as the
A) population B) sample C) control group D) case study