The nurse is providing care to a client who is experiencing an allergic reaction. What initial, usual responses of the body to an antigen does the nurse anticipate?(Select all that apply.)
1. Swelling of the larynx
2. Itching with development of hives
3. Release of histamine and mast cells
4. Inflammation production
5. Antibody production
1,2, 3, 4, 5
Rationale 1: Tightening of the throat with voice changes and the swelling of the larynx occur.
Rationale 2:Itching and hives are other responses of the allergic cascade.
Rationale 3: Normally, the body responds to an antigen by processes such as inflammation, antibody production, and activation of lymphocytes that rid the body of the foreign agent. Release of histamine and mast cells as well as itching and hives are all responses to the allergen.
Rationale 4:The body responds to an antigen by processes such as inflammation, antibody production, and activation of lymphocytes that rid the body of the foreign agent. Release of histamine and mast cells as well as itching and hives are all responses to the allergen.
Rationale 5:The body responds to an antigen by processes such as inflammation, antibody production, and activation of lymphocytes that rid the body of the foreign agent. Release of histamine and mast cells as well as itching and hives are all responses to the allergen.
Global Rationale: Following the exposure to an antigen, the body normally responds with actions such as inflammation, antibody production, and activation of lymphocytes that rid the body of the foreign substance. During anaphylaxis, the body responds quickly by releasing massive amounts of histamine and other inflammatory mediators. The patient may experience itching, hives, and a tightness in the throat or chest. Swelling occurs around the larynx, causing a hoarse voice and a nonproductive cough.
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