To be satisfied that X does cause Y, which of the following does not need to happen?

a. X must precede Y in time
b. X and Y must vary together
c. Y must demonstrably be caused by X and not by something else
d. Y must precede X in time


d. Y must precede X in time

Communication & Mass Media

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The first apps for the iPhone debuted in ________

a. 2005 b. 2006 c. 2007 d. 2008 e. none of the above

Communication & Mass Media

Since email is a virtual conversation, rather than an essay, you shouldn't convey emotion through email.

a. true b. false

Communication & Mass Media

Hypothetical examples are based on ____

A) conjecture B) facts C) personal experience D) None of these answers are correct.

Communication & Mass Media

Regarding the interpretation of touch, it is important to remember that __________.

A. touch communicates intimacy, not power B. uninitiated touch is usually interpreted as courtship C. it is the person being touched who interprets meaning D. a warm hug or touch is always welcomed

Communication & Mass Media