In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is
a. an unlearned reaction to a stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning.
b. a learned reaction to a stimulus that occurs as a result of previous conditioning.
c. a stimulus that evokes a response without previous conditioning.
d. a previously neutral stimulus that has acquired the capacity to evoke a learned response.
C
You might also like to view...
Which of the following is good advice in asking for a letter of recommendation?
a. Provide your reference with a copy of your resume b. Give your reference plenty of advance notice before the letter is due c. Choose references who can provide information from multiple perspectives d. All three are good advice
In one of his early studies, Pavlov repeatedly paired a new CS, a black square, with the now reliable tone. After a number of training trials, his dogs produced a salivary response to the black square even though the square itself had never been directly associated with the food. What learning principle does this illustrate?
A. acquisition B. rehearsal C. consolidation D. second-order conditioning E. spontaneous recovery
During the transition to parenthood, almost all couples will ______.
A. reverse traditional roles as the mother needs more help with the household after the baby is born B. shift toward traditional marital roles and division of labor C. engage in more conflict than prior to having a baby D. experience an increase in marital happiness
Which of the following statements may explain why SES disparities in health and mortality are larger in the United States than in other industrialized nations?
A) Socioeconomic groups are less likely to be segregated by neighborhood in the United States than in other countries. B) Even high-SES Americans are less likely to seek medical treatment than adults in other countries. C) Low-income and poverty-stricken U.S. families are financially less well-off than families classified in these ways in other countries. D) The wealthiest Americans have much higher incomes than in other industrialized nations, widening the SES gap.