The student nurse percusses the client's abdomen. Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicate that tympany is present?
1. "The sound is low-pitched, loud, and hollow-sounding.".
2. "It is a high-pitched, soft sound that doesn't last very long.".
3. "The sound is very loud and has a low tone. The sound has a long duration.".
4. "It sounds like a drum, loud and high-pitched.".
4
Rationale 1: Resonance is a low-pitched, hollow sound that is loud. Resonance is often heard when percussing the lungs.
Rationale 2: Dullness is a high-pitched sound with a short duration. Dullness can be heard when percussing over solid body organs.
Rationale 3: Hyperresonance is an abnormally loud, low-toned sound that has a long duration. It is associated with trapped air.
Rationale 4: Tympany is a loud, high-pitched, drumlike tone that can be heard when percussing an organ that is filled with air. When percussing the abdomen, tympany is normally present because the intestines are hollow and filled with air.
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