Of the following, which is a valid criticism of efficacy studies of psychotherapy treatments?
a) They show artificially inflated results for mental illnesses of higher severity.
b) They focus on disorder-specific treatments and processes rather than looking at common themes across different disorders.
c) They are only useful in a correlational design; that is, they cannot show cause-and-effect relationships.
d) They take many years to conduct and require very large numbers of participants.
ANS: B, Efficacy studies are criticized because they do not look at common themes for treatment of different types of disorders.
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