The disparate findings in status offense research may be the result of the different types of status offenders. Which of the following recommendations were offered in regard to the issue of status offenses?
a. Divide status offenders into two main groups—first time offenders and chronic offenders
b. Divide status offenders into three groups—first time offenders, chronic offenders, and those with delinquent as well as status offense records
c. Dissolve status offenses entirely because of inconsistent research findings
d. Limit status offenses to first time offenders in order to receive early intervention
b
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The behavior of habitual offenders is reinforced by:
a. the symbolic meaning of the behavior as it relates to self-concept and identity formation. b. the neurophysiological high such acts produce. c. both A and B. d. neither A nor B.
According to the National Institute of Justice, the risk of death in a CED-related use of force incident is ______.
A. 20% B. 5% C. 1% D. less than 0.25%
Areas where a judge, applying the Federal Rules of Evidence, would customarily admit lay opinion include:
a. Conduct b. Smell c. Physical Condition d. All of the above
The perception of a __________ of the convicted individual's race often differs from the race of those arrested.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).