When the relationship between age and mental abilities is studied through cross-sectional methods, the results often conflict with the findings from longitudinal studies
Explain the basic procedures in each type of study and then discuss why the two methods sometimes yield different results.
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
? Longitudinal studies examine the same people over a period of time, reassessing them periodically.
? Cross-sectional studies examine groups of people of different ages at the same time.
? Longitudinal studies are especially useful to study changes in individuals over time.
? The two types of studies can reach different conclusions because cross-sectional studies measure generational differences, in addition to changes that occur as people age.
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Research on self-efficacy shows that it:
a. differs as a function of gender and age. c. is higher in women than men. b. is unrelated to physical appearance. d. decreases with age until maturity.
Examples of oppressive systems include:
a. racism. b. sexism. c. classism. d. all of the above
In Pavlov's original experiment on classical conditioning, dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell when the bell was repeatedly paired with the presentation of food. The food is referred to as the unconditioned response
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
The first major scientific study of human sexuality was initiated by
a. Masters. b. Kinsey. c. Johnson. d. Michaels. e. Freud.