What distinction has the U. S. Supreme Court made between "pen registers" and wiretaps? What regulations did the Congress place on "pen registers" that were not mandated by U. S. Supreme Court decisions?
What will be an ideal response?
"Pen registers" record the numbers on out-going calls; "trap and trace" devices record the numbers from in-coming calls. The U. S. Supreme Court held that they do not violate the reasonable expectation of privacy of the user of the phone because the audio portion of the conversation is not recorded. The Court pointed out that the telephone company maintains this information for billing purposes, therefore a person who establishes telephone service have no reasonable expectation of privacy in it.
Congress took a different view and passed legislation that mandated that law enforcement obtain court authorization before installing "pen registers" or "trap and trace" devices. In order to obtain this specialized court order an application must be submitted that contains:
• The identity of the attorney for the government or the name of the state law enforcement or investigative officer making the application, and the identity of the law enforcement agency conducting the investigation; and
• A certification by the applicant that the information likely to be obtained is relevant to an ongoing criminal investigation being conducted by that agency.
The court order is valid for 60 days and can be renewed for an additional 60 days.
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Why is Schafer's theory of functional responsibility important?
What will be an ideal response?
Money saved through decarceration can be put toward ______.
a. reentry programs b. work and training programs c. expansion of drug and alcohol programs in communities d. all of these
Religious and suicide terrorism are sometimes referred to as ________________.
a. secularist terrorism b. explosive terrorism c. new terrorism d. extremist terrorism
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. If the F test leads us to reject the null hypothesis, we must then conclude that the two population standard deviations are the same. 2. A researcher wishing to compare the values of parents and children collects data from 10 children and their parents. The t test for dependent means would be the appropriate statistical analysis. 3. A researcher wishing to compare the values of parents and children collects data from 10 children and their parents. The t test for dependent means would be the appropriate statistical analysis. 4. When testing for a difference between proportions, a researcher would use the z statistic instead of the t statistic. 5. At the end of a study, girls (N = 100) increased their reading score by 38% while boys (N = 200) increased it by 51%. Based on these findings, the researcher can accept the null hypothesis that there is not a difference between the two groups.