Direct Instruction is particularly important for instructionally-naive students. What three characteristics do the authors list in their definition of instructionally-naive students?

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

• Students do not readily retain newly presented information.
• Students are easily confused.
• Students have difficulty attending to an instructional presentation.
• Briefly describe each of the four viewpoints discussed in this chapter regarding improving students' performance in reading.
The first, the pessimist's viewpoint, states that the schools can do little unless the student's physical make-up or home and social environment is altered. The second, the generalist's viewpoint, states that the schools can improve reading performance by developing a wide range of abilities that supposedly underlie reading. The third, a constructivist or whole language viewpoint, holds the individual reader's construction of meaning as central to reading, and views phonics and the "decoding" of words as strategies that trivialize the purpose of reading. The fourth, a direct-instruction viewpoint, assumes that if teachers analyze tasks to be learned thoroughly, sequence instruction carefully, construct clear instructional presentations, and provide systematic practice, review, and application, teachers will be able to provide children with an approach that will increase their probability of becoming successful readers.