What type of hypothesis is the following? (Select all that apply.) Taking lessons to learn how to play bridge, and weekly practice in playing bridge, have an effect on beginning bridge players' win-loss ratio
a. Simple hypothesis
b. Complex hypothesis
c. Causal hypothesis
d. Associative hypothesis
e. Nondirectional hypothesis
f. Directional hypothesis
ANS: B, C, E
A hypothesis is a formal statement of the expected relationship or relationships between two or more variables in a specified population. A simple hypothesis predicts the relationship (associative or causal) between two variables. A complex hypothesis predicts the relationship (associative or causal) among three or more variables. The relationships identified in hypotheses are associative or causal. An associative relationship identifies variables that occur or exist together in the real world. Causal relationships identify a cause-and-effect interaction between two or more variables. A nondirectional hypothesis states that a relationship exists but does not predict the nature of the relationship. A directional hypothesis states the nature or direction of the relationship between two or more variables.
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