Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Statistics is the only way for dealing with rival hypotheses.
2. If X causes Y (or in notation, X ? Y), then X is called the dependent variable because it affects Y.
3. Threats to external validity are defined as those that jeopardize the generalizability of study conclusions about program outcomes to other situations.
4. Threats to internal validity are those that jeopardize the study conclusions about whether an intervention in fact caused a difference in the study population.
1.false
2.false
3.true
4.true
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Today, the nation's 54 million African Americans represent about 17 percent of the U.S. population, the largest single minority group.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
A social movement is best defined as __________
a. a well-organized collection of ordinary people working to get their voices heard by the public at large b. a loosely organized collection of ordinary people working to get their voices heard by the public at large c. a well-organized collection of elites working to get their voices heard by the public at large d. a loosely organized collection of elites working to get their voices heard by a small portion of the public
In politics, the initiative is used to
a. remove an official from elected office. b. protest an existing and unjust piece of legislation. c. write-in a candidate on an election ballot. d. allow voters to petition to have a piece of legislation placed on the ballot. e. challenge the outcome (vote totals) of an election.
Which of the following is not one of the guiding principles offered by Denhardt and Denhardt for the New Public Service?
a. Public servants should help citizens articulate their interests. b. Administrators should help create a collective, shared notion of the public interest. c. Administrators must be entrepreneurial and use public funds as if it were their own. d. Public servants must be attentive to more than the market.