Which one of the following factors will most likely cause an increase in aggregate demand?
a. an increase in the expected inflation rate
b. an increase in the real interest rate
c. a decrease in net exports due to falling incomes abroad
d. a technological development that decreases the cost of producing computer chips
A
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Economists Kenneth Chay and Michael Greenstone found that in the two years following the passage of the Clean Air Act of 1970, the sharp reduction in air pollution also led to a decline in infant deaths
Although this and other studies provide compelling evidence of the link between pollution and infant health, it is not clear that reductions from the much lower levels of ambient pollution today would have the same effect. Which of the following reasons could explain this? A) Today, the level of pollution is much higher. Therefore, it will take a much larger reduction in air pollution to reap benefits similar to those in 1970. B) The cost of pollution abatement today is much higher than it was in the 1970s. Thus, it would be far more costly to achieve the same level of benefit today as the benefit achieved in 1970. C) When levels of pollution are high, the marginal benefit of reducing pollution is low. Therefore, it was necessary to significantly reduce air pollution in 1970 before benefits could be realized. Today, when the level of pollution is much lower, such drastic measures are unnecessary. D) When levels of pollution are high, the marginal benefit of reducing pollution also is high. It follows therefore that the benefit of reducing air pollution in 1970 would be much higher than the benefit from a proportional reduction in air pollution today when the level of pollution is much lower.
Minority workers are hired less often, for fewer hours, for less desirable jobs, and at lower wages
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
What fiscal policy tools are used to shift the aggregate demand curve?
A. Government spending and interest rates B. Taxes and interest rates C. Government spending and taxes D. Taxes and employment rates
"As soon as a mayor announced his/her 'get tough on crime' policy on New Year's day, criminals got scared and the crime rate went down." Suppose that the lower crime rate was actually caused by freezing cold temperatures in January?it was just too cold for anybody to be out robbing other people. Which fundamental hazard of the economic way of thinking did the mayor make?
A. believing that what's good for one person is good for the whole group (the fallacy of composition) B. failing to take into account the benefits of crime (the payoff fallacy) C. believing that association is the same as causation D. failing to understand the difference between positive and normative economics.