List and describe the body's innate defenses.
What will be an ideal response?
The innate defenses of the body include
1. physical and chemical barriers to entry: the skin and mucous membranes act as a first line of defense, preventing pathogens from entering the body.
2. inflammatory response: this is the second line of defense. If pathogens have entered the body, inflammation employs neutrophils and macrophages to surround and kill pathogens.
3. protective proteins: the protective proteins are involved in and amplify the inflammatory response. They can bind to mast cells and trigger histamine release.
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Which of the following is NOT an anemia?
a. mononucleosis b. pernicious c. sickle cell d. hemolytic e. iron-deficiency
How does the TATA box facilitate eukaryotic transcription?
a. The TATA box joins amino acids to the polypeptide chain. b. It provides an anchor point for basal transcription factors. c. It helps to unwind the DNA template before transcription. d. The TATA box signals the end of a protein gene sequence.
Which statement about mitosis is not true?
a. A single nucleus gives rise to two identical daughter nuclei. b. The daughter nuclei are genetically identical to the parent nucleus. c. The centromeres separate at the onset of anaphase. d. Homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase. e. The centrosomes organize the microtubules of the spindle fibers.
How is Ras activity turned off?
a) it is turned off by phosphorylation b) it is turned off by an allosteric inhibitor c) it is turned off by hydrolysis of its bound GTP to GDP d) it is turned off by hydrolysis of its bound GDP to GTP e) it is turned by hydrolysis of its bound GTP to GMP