Discuss how the Socio-Ecologic Model applies to HIV-prevention interventions
When thinking about who is at higher risk for acquiring HIV or an STI, it is helpful to use the Socio-Ecologic Model (SEM) as a reference. The SEM has to do with understanding health and health behavior from individual, interpersonal, community, and environmental/structural/policy levels. This model helps us to understand that people do not live or make decisions about HIV prevention or HIV care in isolation but that they will be influenced by how they feel, their relationships, community/societal norms, and public health systems or policies.
At the individual level, a person may avoid HIV testing because he or she does not have enough information about HIV or may not know that HIV can be effectively treated and HIV-positive individuals can have healthy, productive lives. At the interpersonal level, HIV-testing behavior may be influenced by family or sexual partner perceptions about HIV that could promote or inhibit testing behaviors. At the community/societal level, we may see the influence of social norms and perceptions about HIV, including stigmatizing attitudes that may inhibit HIV testing.
In the broadest sphere, we consider environmental/policy-level influences on HIV testing. Environmental/policy-level influence on behavior includes factors that are structural, organizational, or policy driven.
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