When hemodynamic monitoring is ordered for a patient, a catheter is inserted into the appropriate blood vessel or heart chamber. It is then connected to a pressure monitoring system that includes what? (Mark all that apply.)
A) A transducer
B) A flush system
C) A leveler
D) A pressure bag
E) An oscillator
Ans: A, B, D
Feedback: To perform hemodynamic monitoring, a CVP, pulmonary artery, or arterial catheter is introduced into the appropriate blood vessel or heart chamber. It is connected to a pressure monitoring system that has several components: a flush system composed of IV solution (that may include heparin), tubing, stopcocks, and a flush device, which provides continuous and manual flushing of the system; a pressure bag placed around the flush solution that is maintained at 300 mm Hg of pressure; the pressurized flush system delivers 3 to 5 mL of solution per hour through the catheter to prevent clotting and backflow of blood into the pressure monitoring system; a transducer to convert the pressure coming from the artery or heart chamber into an electrical signal; and an amplifier or monitor, which increases the size of the electrical signal for display on an oscilloscope. A pressure monitoring system does not have a leveler or an oscillator.
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