The nurse is assisting with teaching a clinic patient who is diagnosed with tension headaches. Which explanation of tension headaches should the nurse provide?
a. "Tension headaches are caused by stress, which causes cerebral vessel constriction."
b. "Tension headaches result from release of pain mediators in the periphery."
c. "Tension headaches are a result of stress and sustained muscle contraction of the head and neck."
d. "Tension headaches are caused by blood sugar fluctuations that result from excessive stress."
ANS: C
Persistent contraction of the scalp, facial, cervical, and upper thoracic muscles can cause tension headaches. A cycle of muscle tension, muscle tenderness, and further muscle tension is established. A migraine headache is believed to be caused by cerebral vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation. Pain mediators in the periphery are associated with peripheral pain, not headaches. Blood sugar fluctuations can cause headaches related to diabetes, not stress.
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