When indirect signaling is used, the target cell responds to the signal when that chemical
A) Binds to an enzyme.
B) Binds to a receptor.
C) Binds to a gene.
D) Binds to the nuclear membrane.
Answer: B
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You are examining the data from two time points taken in an experiment. At time 1 there was an extracellular concentration of Na+ of 115 mM outside the cell and 8mM inside the cell. An amino acid, lycine, is at 20mM outside and 40mM inside. At the second time measured Na+ is 100mM outside the cell and 23 mM inside the cell. Lycine is 15 mM outside the cell and 45mM inside. What is the best explanation?
A. Both Na+ and the amino acid bind on the side of the membrane where the Na+ concentration is higher, and both are transported to the side of the membrane where the Na+ concentration is lower. B. Na+ and the amino acid bind to opposite sides of the membrane, and the amino acid undergoes net transport from the side of the membrane with lower Na+ concentration to the side of the membrane where the Na+ concentration is higher. C. Both Na+ and the amino acid bind on the side of the membrane where the Na+ concentration is lowest, and undergo net movement to the other side of the membrane. D. Both Na+ and the amino acid bind to the side of the membrane where the amino acid concentration is lower and are transported toward the side of the membrane where the amino acid concentration is higher. E. Na+ and the amino acid bind to opposite sides of the membrane, and Na+ undergoes net transport from the side of the membrane with higher Na+ concentration toward the side with lower concentration, while the amino acid moves in the opposite direction.
Damage to the ________ of a neuron would interfere with its ability to receive sensory input from its surrounding environment.
A. axons B. cell body C. dendrites D. telodendria
Which statement about the rate of diffusion through a lipid bilayer membrane is incorrect?
a. Smaller substances diffuse faster than larger substances. b. Lipid-soluble items diffuse faster than water-soluble items. c. Items diffuse through narrow membranes faster than through thick membranes. d. The presence of microvilli decreases the rate of diffusion. e. A greater concentration gradient causes faster diffusion.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is secreted by
a. the testes. b. the anterior pituitary. c. the ovaries. d. the adrenal gland. e. the hypothalamus.