Describe how living in a family with siblings might have an influence on a child's temperament
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: In families with several children, parents often look for differences between siblings. As a result, parents often view siblings as more distinct than other observers do. In a large study of 1- to 3-year-old twin pairs, parents rated identical twins as less alike in temperament than researchers' ratings indicated. And whereas researchers rated fraternal twins as moderately similar, parents viewed them as somewhat opposite in temperament. This tendency to emphasize each child's unique qualities affects parenting practices. Each child, in turn, evokes responses from caregivers that are consistent with parental beliefs and the child's developing temperament. Besides different experiences within the family, siblings have distinct experiences with teachers, peers, and others in their community that affect development. And in middle childhood and adolescence, siblings often seek ways to differ from one another. In sum, temperament and personality can be understood only in terms of complex interdependencies between genetic and environmental factors.
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The brain waves produced during relaxed wakefulness are called __________ waves.
A. alpha B. beta C. delta D. theta
One advantage of Bem's self-perception theory over cognitive dissonance theory is that
a. all attributions about behavior are based on situational rather than dispositional factors. b. it is based on direct classical conditioning. c. it does not depend on a hypothetical aversive state of tension. d. it offers the better explanation of inconsistent behavior. e. it eliminates the possibility of committing the fundamental attribution error.
Validation, reframing, structural change, and detriangulation are techniques most commonly used in
A. family therapy. B. cognitive therapy. C. behavioral therapy. D. psychoanalysis.
________ disorders are characterized by distressing emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor.
A. Sleep B. Somatic symptom C. Factitious D. Adjustment