While lecturing on the psychodynamic theory behind symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), a faculty member mentions reaction formation. Which of the statements below is characteristic of this theory?
A) When parents are too harsh during potty training, the child may feel dirty and ashamed. Then the child may deliberately soil his or her clothes as an act of rebellion.
B) Fear in individuals with OCD will trigger a fear associated with unwashed hands that are very unlikely to cause real harm. However, they keep washing their hands frequently.
C) Compulsions are rewarded by the immediate reduction of distress or anxiety. Clients carrying out the compulsive rituals never get to test out their faulty thinking that there is not a dire consequence if they make a mistake.
D) Clients report their symptoms. Such report is retrospective and so may not be accurately recalled, and it yields subjective data that are vulnerable to bias and distortion.
Ans: A
The psychodynamic theory hypothesizes that OCD symptoms and character traits arise from three unconscious defense mechanisms: isolation, undoing, and reaction formation. The answer is an example of reaction formation, which is when behavior and consciously stated attitudes oppose underlying impulses. Distractors B and C are based on behavioral explanations, whereas distractor D is based on cognitive theory,
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2. Essential nutrient
3. Nonessential nutrient
4. Basic nutrient
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