A child with diabetes mellitus is observed to have cold symptoms. What signs and symptoms will alert parents of the possibility of ketoacidosis? (Select all that apply.)
a. Chest congestion
b. Ear pain
c. Fruity breath
d. Hyperactivity
e. Nausea
ANS: C, E
Symptoms of ketoacidosis are compared with those of hypoglycemia. Signs and symptoms include a fruity odor to the breath, nausea, decreased level of consciousness and dehydration. Lab values include ketonuria, decreased serum bicarbonate concentration (decreased CO2 levels) and low pH, and hypertonic dehydration.
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