A diabetic client was visiting the endocrinologist for annual checkup. The client's blood work reveals an increased level of which lab result that reveals early signs of diabetic nephropathy?
A) Microalbuminuria
B) Oliguria
C) Hypokalemia
D) Hyperlipidemia
Ans: A
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One of the first manifestations of diabetic nephropathy is increased urinary albumin excretion (i.e., microalbuminuria). Risk factors, rather than renal manifestations, include glycosylated hemoglobin levels greater than 8.1%, genetic and familial predisposition, hypertension, poor glycemic control, smoking, and hyperlipidemia. Usually, serum potassium levels are elevated (hyperkalemia) in diabetic nephropathy. The presence of ketones in the urine is a sign of ketoacidosis and severe hyperglycemia rather than nephropathy.
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