Describe how to keep the weld bead straight and uniform when visibility is limited.
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Even with limited visibility, it is possible to make a satisfactory weld by watching the edge of the molten weld pool, the sparks, and the weld bead produced. Watching the leading edge of the molten weld pool (forehand welding, pushing technique) will show you the molten weld pool fusion and width. Watching the trailing edge of the molten weld pool (backhand welding, dragging technique) will show you the amount of buildup and the relative heat input. The quantity and size of sparks produced can indicate the relative location of the filler wire in the molten weld pool. The number of sparks will increase as the wire strikes the solid metal ahead of the molten weld pool. The gun itself will begin to vibrate or bump as the wire momentarily pushes against the cooler, unmelted base metal before it melts. Changes in weld width, buildup, and proper joint tracking can be seen by watching the bead as it appears from behind the shielding gas nozzle.
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