In meta-analyses, studies that do not present their data in the form necessary for analysis
a. may have to be eliminated from the pool of studies.
b. are always included in tables at the end of the paper.
c. are readily converted so as to be included in the analyses.
d. should not prevent the experimenter from continuing as planned.
A
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Dr. Pow is interested in whether exposure to TV advertisements has a different impact on girls' self-image than it does on boys' self-image. To examine this question, she conducts a quasi-experiment. Why doesn't Dr. Pow conduct a true experiment instead?
a. She cannot conduct a true experiment, because people cannot be randomly assigned to be "girls" or "boys." b. She cannot conduct a true experiment, because self-image is not directly observable. c. She could conduct a true experiment if she wanted to, but she probably has a very small sample size, so in this case a quasi-experiment is better. d. She could conduct a true experiment if she wanted to, but she is probably interested in "real-life" TV exposure (and probably doesn't want to manipulate this variable).
According to research on infants' recognition of their mothers,
a. infants can recognize that mothers look different from strangers, beginning at less than 1 week of age. b. because infants' vision is so primitive, they cannot visually recognize their mothers until they are about 6 weeks of age. c. prior to birth, the walls of the uterus prevent the sound of the mother's voice from reaching the fetus. d. infants do not seem to be able to distinguish their mother's voices from those of strangers until they are 4 weeks of age.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of college students with high needs for achievement?
a. They earn better grades and excel in their occupations. b. They are less likely to renew their efforts when they perform poorly. c. They attribute failure to insufficient effort. d. They attribute their success to their own ability.
Barry Maletzky treated exhibitionists by having them imagine that they were about to perform the inappropriate behavior, and then _______
a. sounding a loud horn b. showing them a photograph of a bloody scene c. giving them a mild electric shock d. exposing them to an unpleasant odor