The generation of statistics that estimate indicators such as incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality helps policy makers establish national health priorities. These numbers often reveal:
1. Many communicable diseases still exist in communities.
2. Disparities in community environments.
3. More data needs to be collected to accurately assess communities.
4. 45 clinical preventive services are needed.
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Understanding inequalities is a critical first step in identifying needs, setting priorities, and de-signing effective programs and policies.
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A patient who takes lithium phones the nurse at the clinic to say, "I've had diarrhea for 4 days. I feel weak and unsteady when I walk. My usual hand tremor has gotten worse. What should I do?" Which instruction by the nurse is appropriate?
a. "Have someone bring you to the clinic immediately.". b. "Restrict food and fluids for 24 hours and stay in bed.". c. "Drink a large glass of water with 1 teaspoon of salt added.". d. "Take antidiarrheal medication hourly until the diarrhea subsides.".
Mr. Johnson actually has streptococcal pharyngitis; however, the throat culture is initially read as negative. This situation describes a test with a:
a. low sensitivity. b. high sensitivity. c. high specificity. d. low specificity.
A patient who has been taking efavirenz (Sustiva) reports a sore throat, fever, and blisters. What is your best action?
a. Hold the dose and notify the prescriber. b. Document the report as the only action. c. Remind the patient that these are symptoms of opportunistic infection. d. Reassure the patient that these are common and expected side effects of the drug.
A client recently diagnosed with HIV infection is being cared for at home. What should the nurse include in the education provided to the family caregivers of the client?
A) Encourage them to keep the client on complete bed rest. B) Inform them on how to take care of infectious waste. C) Recommend that they provide a diet reduced in salt. D) Ask them to assist the client with all daily activities.