What are the arguments for and against the relationship between community policing and homeland security?
What will be an ideal response?
There is a debate about the relationship between community policing and homeland security, and its outcome will determine the future path of American law enforcement (see Melekian, 2011? Jones and Suspinski, 2010? Chappell and Gibson, 2009? Oliver, 2009? Thatcher, 2005). Founders and advocates of community policing argue it is a panacea for a plethora of social problems. It works against crime, solves problems before they occur, and brings law enforcement officers into closer relationships with the people they serve. Since supporters believe community policing works in so many areas, they assume it is a perfect method for approaching homeland security. In theory, citizens become the eyes and ears of the police, who in turn forward information to start the intelligence cycle.
Practitioners almost universally believe it to be a tool that should be applied to homeland security, and many analysts and academics support them (see Doherty and Hibbard, 2006).
A number of critiques, primarily from criminologists and other scholars, are more skeptical about the current and future impact of community policing. The research has produced mixed results. Some researchers believe community policing will change, and others even say it will disappear. Their argument generally suggests that American law enforcement has been based on a legal model. The purpose of law enforcement has traditionally been to respond to crime, arrest offenders, and suppress criminal activity. Community policing did not become popular until the 1990s, but after the 9/11 attacks, homeland security doctrine redirected law enforcement to intelligence gathering and the
traditional enforcement model of policing. Departments that emphasize homeland security functions, many researchers believe, will separate officers from citizens and in the process weaken homeland security.
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