A nurse researcher has made a generalization on the basis of the experience of a small number of participants. What will the result of this be?
a. The small sample will invalidate the hypotheses.
b. The researcher will be unable to eliminate his or her bias.
c. The data obtained from a small number will inadequately represent the phenomenon.
d. The small number of participants will increase the threat to internal validity influenced by history.
ANS: C
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A A small sample does not necessarily invalidate hypotheses.
B Researcher bias is not necessarily controlled by sample size, small or large.
C A too-small sample may inadequately represent the phenomenon and threaten valid conclusions.
D Small sample size does not necessarily increase historical threats to validity.
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