We wish to test the hypothesis that music improves learning. Random assignment into two groups, one that listens to music and one that studies in silence, controls for
a. the students' inherent academic ability.
b. the students' use of different study strategies.
c. the amount of sleep students had prior to the experiment.
d. all of these.
ANSWER: d
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When a VR schedule of reinforcement is in place, the reinforcer occurs after the
a. final response in a fixed number of responses (for example, 5). b. final response in a variable number of responses. The schedule is designated by the average number of responses that is required (for example, 5 responses). c. first response after a variable length of time has transpired. The schedule is designated by the average length of time that is required (for example, 5 minutes). d. first response after a constant interval of time (for example, 5 minutes) has occurred.
The more ______ there is in the sample data, the less reliable it is as an estimate of the population data.
A. homogeniety B. variability C. uniformity D. diversity
The difference between prevalence of vascular dementia for males versus females is
a. greatest at the oldest age groups. b. greatest at the youngest age groups. c. constant across ages. d. greatest at the middle age groups.
Which statement concerning ethnicity and intelligence is MOST accurate?
A. The recent discovery of a "smart gene" has led most to believe that intelligence has a strong genetic component. B. Even if ethnic groups differ significantly in intelligence, the difference could be the result of environmental factors. C. Being economically disadvantaged is related to ethnicity but not to intelligence. D. If intelligence differences within an ethnic group are due to genetics, then intelligence differences between the group and other ethnic groups must be due to genetics.