Manning (2007) defines as officers who enjoy higher status than patrol officers and are “information processors.”

a. Patrol officers
b. Middle managers
c. Higher administrators
d. Detectives and investigators


d. Detectives and investigators

Criminal Justice

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A(n) __________ is a young person who has not yet attained the age at which heor she is treated as an adult for the purposes of the law

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Classical criminologists felt that the justice system should be secretive and behind closed doors. 2. The American criminal justice system is highly influenced by the classical school. 3. The death penalty is used as a general deterrent for committing crime. 4. The social contract states that individuals follow rules in return for protection from rule violators. 5. In the pre-classical era, executions were public spectacles.

Criminal Justice

According to L. N. Robinson (1911), federal crime statistics really began with the ______, when prisoner, judicial, and police statistics were collected and published for the first time.

A. 1880 Census B. Mandates from the 1930 U.S. Congress C. Directives from the National Commission of Law Observance D. Inception of the National Crime Victimization Survey

Criminal Justice

U.S. legislators have several options in developing legislation to protect the environment. If a legislation prohibits polluting activities that exceed specified limits, legislators are implementing the option that involves the ______

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Criminal Justice