Explain why as-built drawings are important.
What will be an ideal response?
For civil engineering projects, because no prototypes have been built, design modifications are common in the production stage. Contractors may find, for example, that ductwork does not fit within the space provided on the drawings, or they may find that piping needs to be rerouted around an obstruction. For this reason, in civil engineering projects, it is important to continue to document the design by making notations on the drawings where changes are made. These drawings are called as-built drawings, and they reflect the way the project was actually constructed-not just the way it was designed. As-built drawings are an important part of the design process because if piping is rerouted through a building, for example, someone will need to know exactly where the plumbing is in case leaks or other problems arise.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false
You complete a preliminary design of a heat engine, following the Rankine cycle with saturated steam leaving the boiler. Which of the following modifications to the cycle would you expect to increase the efficiency of the cycle?
A. Subcool the liquid in the condenser. B. Subcool the liquid before it reaches the condenser. C. Superheat the liquid before it reaches the pump. D. Install a higher efficiency throttling valve between the condenser and boiler. E. None of these options
The volume of a cylinder is given by 
where r is the radius of the cylinder and h is the height. Assume the radius, in cm, is lognormal with parameters 
= 1.6 and 
= 0.04, the height, in cm, is lognormal with parameters 
= 1.9 and 
= 0.05 and that the radius and height are independent.
a. Show that V is lognormally distributed, and compute the parameters 
b. Find P(V < 600).
c. Find P(500 < V < 800).
d. Find the mean of V.
e. Find the median of V.
f. Find the standard deviation of V.
g. Find the 5th percentile of V.
h. Find the 95th percentile of V.
A noninverting amplifier has the following characteristics: +V = 15V, -V = -15 V, ACM = 0.02, Rin = 6.8 k?, Rf = 120 k?, RL = 4.7 k?, input ac signal = ±1.5 Vpp. The circuit's closed loop voltage gain (ACL) is
A) 6.34 B) 18.65 C) 11 D) 17.64