Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the costs of crime?
a. Crime generates economic costs, such as medical expenses.
b. Crime has been shown to balance with economic advantages, such as the creation of criminal justice system jobs.
c. Crime may contribute to lower economic productivity.
d. Crime may have emotional costs, such as a diminished quality of life.
e. Crime often generates psychological costs.
b
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A lust stalker intends violence against a known victim
a. True b. False
Gottfredson and Hirschi (1987) were unusual in that they believed
a) most individuals do not age out of crime. b) longitudinal research is critical in understanding delinquency. c) cross sectional studies are more efficient methods of studying crime than longitudinal studies. d) numerical data was not as important as verbal data in the study of crime.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. An opponent of the death penalty who argues that life without the possibility of patrol serves the same purpose as the death penalty is using arbitrariness as his or her argument for the abolishment of the death penalty. 2. Supporters of the death penalty who content that when murderers are sentenced to death and executed, other would-be murderers will reconsider their acts due to fear of being executed, are arguing for the utility of specific deterrence. 3. There is some evidence that the death penalty may actually increase homicide levels in areas where executions occur. 4. Prison environments on death row can take a toll on both inmates and staff.
Most studies conclude that nine variables are important in the police discretionary process. Which of the following is not one of these variables?
a. the attitude of the complainant b. the type and seriousness of the offense c. the offender's prior contacts with the police d. the officer's personality type