Identify and briefly explain two adaptations of diving marine mammals, such as seals and dolphins. What will be an ideal response?
Some adaptations of diving marine mammals are:1.
exhaling before diving (consequently they are less buoyant and less likely to exhibit decompression
sickness),
2. having a greater volume of blood and a higher concentration of myoglobin than non-diving mammal
(consequently they are able to store more O2 than terrestrial mammals),
3. having a large spleen which stores oxygen-rich RBCs,
4. reducing the expenditure of energy during diving by gliding, and
5. having a highly efficient diving reflex in which metabolism decreases, heart rate slows,, and blood
is redistributed preferentially to the heart and brain
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Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans is _____
A) converted to bicarbonate ions by an enzyme in red blood cells B) bound to hemoglobin C) transported in the erythrocytes as carbonic acid D) simply dissolved in the plasma E) bicarbonate ions bound to hemoglobin
In his experiments, Anfinsen treated a protein with a chemical that broke disulfide bonds and then removed the
chemical to see how this would affect the function of the molecule. What did he conclude from these experiments?
a. The information for determining the three-dimensional shape of ribonuclease lies in its amino acid sequence. b. The disulfide bonds are essential for quaternary, but not tertiary, protein structure. c. Protein conformation is maintained when disulfide bonds are disrupted. d. Altering the three-dimensional shape of the protein is irreversible. e. Disulfide bonds are unnecessary for proper protein function.
Translational controls of protein levels in bacteria are governed by:
a. the rate at which small and large subunits of ribosomes assemble. b. the rate at which the cap and tail of pre mRNA are removed. c. the rate at which ribosomes attach to mRNA molecules. d. the concentration of proteins in the cytoplasm. e. the rate at which sugars are incorporated into the cell.
The resident microbiota have no role in defense against pathogen invasion.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)